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LITERATURE

1. Graham Greene Our Man in Havana  1958
1960s
1. Harper Lee  To Kill a Mockingbird (1960)
2. John Steinbeck The Winter of Our Discontent 1961
3. +Harold Robbins Where Love Has Gone 1962
4. Truman Capote  In Cold Blood 1966
5. Jacqueline Susann  Valley of the Dolls 1966
6. +Mario Puzo The Godfather 1969
1970s
1. Agatha Christie
2. Ernest Hemingway
3. Sidney Sheldon
4. Charles Bukowski
5. Vladimir Nabokov
6. Graham Greene The Honorary Consul
7. Rex Stout
8. Christopher Wood James Bond, The Spy Who Loved Me 1977
9. Stephen King
1980s
1. Graham Greene 
2. Umberto Eco 
3. Stephen King
4. Sidney Sheldon
5. Astrid Lindgren
6. Ernest Hemingway

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     Harold Robbins was an American author of popular novels. One of the best-selling writers of all time, he wrote over 25 best-sellers, selling over 750 million copies in 32 languages.
       Robbins was born  in New York City. His parents were well-educated Jewish emigrants from the Russian Empire, his father from Odessa and his mother from Minsk.
      Robbins dropped out of high school in the late 1920s to work in a variety of jobs.He was employed by Universal Pictures starting off as a clerk and rising to an executive.
   

     John Fitzgerald Kennedy, the 35th president of the United States, is assassinated while traveling through Dallas, Texas, in an open-top convertible. First lady Jacqueline Kennedy rarely accompanied her husband on political outings, but she was beside him, along with Texas Governor John Connally and his wife, for a 10-mile motorcade through the streets of downtown Dallas on November 22. Sitting in a Lincoln convertible, the Kennedys and Connallys waved at the large and enthusiastic crowds gathered along the parade route. As their vehicle passed the Texas School Book Depository Building at 12:30 p.m., Lee Harvey Oswald allegedly fired three shots from the sixth floor, fatally wounding President Kennedy and seriously injuring Governor Connally. Kennedy was pronounced dead 30 minutes later at Dallas’ Parkland Hospital. He was 46.

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                                                       Who Was Valentina Tereshkova?
      As a young woman, Valentina Tereshkova worked in a textile mill and did parachuting as a hobby. She was chosen to be trained as a cosmonaut in the USSR’s space program. On June 13, 1963, she became the first woman to travel into space. In just under three days, she orbited the earth 48 times. After her space flight, she served in the Communist Party and represented the USSR at numerous international events.

     After Yuri Gagarin became the first man in space in 1961, Tereshkova volunteered for the Soviet space program. Although she did not have any experience as a pilot, she was accepted into the program because of her 126 parachute jump experience. At that time, cosmonauts had to parachute from their capsules seconds before they hit the ground on returning to Earth.

[yemi]

   

     Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova is known for being the first and youngest woman in space. On June 16, 1963, aboard Vostok 6, Soviet Cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova became the first woman to travel into space. After 48 orbits and 71 hours, she returned to earth, having spent more time in space than all U.S. astronauts together to that date.
     Valentina Vladimirovna was born to a peasant family in Maslennikovo, Russia, in 1937. She began work at a textile factory when she was 18, and at the age of 22 she made her first parachute jump. Her enthusiasm for skydiving brought her to the attention of the Soviet space program, which sought to put a woman in space in the early 1960s as a means of achieving another “space first” before the United States. As an accomplished parachutist, Tereshkova was well equipped to handle one of the most challenging procedures of a Vostok space flight: the mandatory ejection from the capsule at about 20,000 feet during reentry. In February 1962, she was selected along with three other woman parachutists and a female pilot to begin intensive training to become a cosmonaut.
      On June 19, 1963, after just under three days in space, Vostok 6 reentered the atmosphere, and Tereshkova successfully parachuted to earth after ejecting at 20,000 feet.
     After her historic space flight, Valentina Tereshkova received the Order of Lenin and Hero of the Soviet Union awards.
ccылка на презентацию (источник инфоурок) В.В. Терешкова

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THE 1960s

CHAPTER 1

HISTORY

 

     If the Fifties were in black and white, the Sixties burst into colour – one of the most revolutionary decades of the 20th century. It was the decade of the Black Power, the Stonewall riots, Vietnam, and Flower Power. It was the decade The Beatles got bigger than Jesus.
     All of which is to say, the Sixties were a momentous, fascinating decade of massive social change. And, as usual, there was no shortage of writers with their typewriters at the ready, on hand to record it all. Or, in some cases, to change the world themselves.

The Cold War

          The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension (напряжение) between the United States and the Soviet Union and their allies (союзники). The conflict where they didn't go into battle but fought each other indirectly through spying, backing opposite sides in other countries' wars and inventing better technologies. Historians do not fully agree on its starting and ending points, but the period is generally considered to span from the announcement of the Truman Doctrine in 1947 to the dissolution/end (распад) of the Soviet Union in 1991.
     The phrase ‘iron curtain’, which was used to describe countries living within the Soviet sphere of influence (влияние), appeared after the Winston Churchill's speech in Fulton, Missouri.
     The Cold War developed from its modest beginning in the late 1940s to a hot confrontation by the early 1960s. All major powers engaged in espionage, using a great variety of spies, double agents and new technologies. The most famous and active organizations were the American CIA, the Soviet KGB and the British MI6. Espionage took place all over the world, but Berlin was the most important battleground (поле боя) for spying activity.

     Crisis and escalation

     Britain, France, the United States, Canada and other eight western European countries established (учредили) the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). While Stalin's death in 1953 slightly relaxed tensions, the situation in Europe remained uneasy. The Russians established a formal alliance in Central and Eastern Europe, which was called the Warsaw Pact, in 1955. It stood opposed to NATO.
     From 1957 through 1961, Khrushchev openly and repeatedly threatened the West with nuclear strikes. He claimed that Soviet missile capabilities (возможности) were far superior to those of the United States, capable of wiping out any American or European city. Nuclear weapons were much cheaper than maintaining (поддержание) a large army. From 1961 to 1964 the number of nuclear weapons in the US increased by 50 percent, as did the number of B-52 bombers to deliver them. This and the Cuban Missile Crisis (October–November 1962) brought the world closer to nuclear war than ever before.
     The unity of NATO was breached (пробить брешь) early in its history during Charles de Gaulle's presidency of France. De Gaulle protested at the strong role of the United States in the organization and in 1966 he withdrew (вывести) France from NATO's military structures and expelled NATO troops from French soil.

     From confrontation to cooperation

     Nixon met with Soviet leaders, including Brezhnev in Moscow. The first limitation pacts signed by the two superpowers. These aimed to limit the development of costly anti-ballistic missiles and nuclear missiles. Nixon and Brezhnev proclaimed a new era of "peaceful coexistence" and established the groundbreaking (прорывной) new policy of cooperation between the two superpowers.

Space Exploration

     After World War II both the United States and the Soviet Union realized how important rocket research would be to the military. They each recruited the top rocket scientists to help with their research. Soon both sides were making progress in rocket technology.
     In 1955 when both countries announced that they would soon be launching satellites into orbit. Technology was not yet advanced enough to achieve this so they put huge amounts money and time into the project.
     In 1957, the USSR launched Sputnik 1, the world’s first artificial satellite and the first man-made object to be placed into the Earth’s orbit. The success of Sputnik 1 has changed minds around the world regarding a shift in power to the Soviets.
     Next year the U.S. launched its own satellite, Explorer I, made by the U.S. Army. That same year, President Eisenhower signed a public order creating the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), a federal agency dedicated to space exploration.
     The dogs Belka and Strelka were sent to space aboard Sputnik 5 and safely returned in 1960.

     First humans in space

     On 12 April 1961 the Vostok 1 spacecraft was launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome. Aboard was Gagarin, the first human to travel into space, using the call sign Kedr (Кедр, Siberian pine or cedar).
     The radio communication between the launch control room and Gagarin included the following dialogue at the moment of rocket launch:
     Korolev: Preliminary stage ... intermediate... main... LIFT-OFF! We wish you a good flight. Everything's all right.
     Gagarin: Off we go! Goodbye, until [we meet] soon, dear friends.
     Gagarin's farewell to Korolev using the informal phrase Poyekhali! (Поехали!, 'Off we go!') later became a popular expression.
     Gagarin's flight was a triumph for the Soviet space programme and he became a national hero of the Soviet Union, as well as a worldwide celebrity. Newspapers around the globe published his biography and details of his flight. He was escorted in a long motorcade of high-ranking officials through the streets of Moscow to the Kremlin where, in a lavish ceremony, Nikita Khrushchev awarded him the title Hero of the Soviet Union. Other cities in the Soviet Union also held mass demonstrations, compared only to the World War II Victory Parades.
     April 12 was declared Cosmonautics Day in the USSR, and is celebrated today in Russia. In 2011, it was declared the International Day of Human Space Flight.

     First humans on the Moon

     In 1969 the rocket with Neil Armstrong aboard took off from Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex in Florida. The trip to the Moon took just over three days. After achieving orbit, Armstrong transferred into the Lunar Module named Eagle. Armstrong left the Eagle to become the first human on the Moon. The first step was witnessed on live television by at least one-fifth of the population of Earth, or about 723 million people. His words "That's one small step for [a] man, one giant leap for mankind." became worldwide famous. American astronauts left lunar orbit and returned to Earth, landing safely in the Pacific Ocean.   

     Legacy

     After the end of the Cold War in 1991, the assets of the USSR's space program passed mainly to Russia. Since then, the United States and Russia have cooperated in space with the Shuttle-Mir Program, and the International Space Station (ISS).

The Vietnam War

     The Vietnam War was a 20 year conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. The conflict was officially fought between North Vietnam and South Vietnam. North Vietnam was supported by the Soviet Union, China and other communist countries; South Vietnam was supported by the United States and other anti-communist allies. More than 3 million people (including over 58,000 Americans) were killed in the Vietnam War, and more than half of the dead were Vietnamese civilians.
     The Vietnam War and active U.S. involvement in the war began in 1954, though ongoing conflict in the region had stretched back several decades.
     

     Roots of the Vietnam War

     Both North and South Vietnam were called Indochina and had been a French colony since the 19th century. During World War II, Japanese forces invaded Vietnam. To fight off both Japanese occupiers and the French colonial administration, political leader Ho Chi Minh, inspired by Chinese and Soviet communism, formed the League for the Independence of Vietnam.
     After World War II, Japan withdrew its forces from Vietnam, leaving the French-educated Emperor in control. It was an opportunity for Ho Chi Minh to come to power, so his forces immediately rose up, took over the northern city of Hanoi and declared a Democratic Republic of Vietnam with Ho as president.

     End of the War

     U.S. soldiers killed more than 400 unarmed civilians in the village of My Lai in 1968. After the My Lai Massacre, anti-war protests continued to build as the conflict wore on. In 1968 and 1969, there were hundreds of marches and gatherings throughout the country. In the year 1969, the largest anti-war demonstration in American history took place in Washington, D.C., as over 250,000 Americans gathered peacefully, calling for withdrawal of American troops from Vietnam.
     In 1973, the United States and North Vietnam concluded a final peace agreement, ending open hostilities between the two nations. War between North and South Vietnam continued, however, until 1975.
     After years of warfare, an estimated 2 million Vietnamese were killed, while 3 million were wounded and another 12 million became refugees. Warfare had demolished the country’s infrastructure and economy, and reconstruction proceeded slowly.


 

   Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.

    Martin Luther King Jr., an African American clergyman (священник) and civil rights leader, was fatally shot at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee, on April 4, 1968. He was rushed to St. Joseph's Hospital, where he died. He was a prominent leader of the civil rights movement and a Nobel Peace Prize laureate who was known for his use of non-violence (отказ от насилия) and civil disobedience (гражданское неповиновение).
    His assassination led to an outpouring of anger among Black Americans, as well as a period of national mourning that helped speed the way for an equal housing bill.

The Tsar Bomba

   The Tsar Bomba was a hydrogen (водородная) aerial bomb, and the most powerful nuclear weapon ever created and tested. Tsar Bomba was developed in the Soviet Union (USSR) by a group of nuclear physicists under the leadership of Igor Kurchatov, an academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union.
      Tested on 30 October 1961, the bomb was dropped by parachute from a Tu-95V aircraft, and detonated 4,000 metres above the Sukhoy Nos ("Dry Nose") cape of Severny Island, Novaya Zemlya, 15 km  from Mityushikha Bay. The detonation was intended to be secret, but was detected by United States intelligence agencies. A secret U.S. reconnaissance (разведовательное) aircraft named "Speed Light Alpha" monitored the blast, coming close enough to have its antiradiation paint scorched (палить).

    The sexual revolution in the 1960s United States was a social and cultural movement.  In the 1960s, social norms were changing as sex became more widely discussed in society. Erotic media, such as films, magazines, and books, became more popular. These changes reveal that sex was entering the public domain, and sex rates, especially among young people, could no longer be ignored.
     With the introduction of the pill and second-wave feminism, women gained more control over their bodies and sexuality during the 1960s. Women could engage in sex without the risk of pregnancy. At the same time, many women involved in the feminist movement questioned the traditional gender and sex roles ascribed to them. Women’s liberation movements sought to free women from social and moral confines.
     Developments in the gay rights movement occurred during the same period, such as public demonstrations and protests to challenge discrimination against sexuality. Some activists began celebrating homosexuality, but the movement did not really take off until the Stonewall riots of 1969.

LITERATURE

 

1. Graham Greene - Our Man in Havana (1958)
2. Harper Lee - To Kill a Mockingbird (1960)
3. John Steinbeck - The Winter of Our Discontent (1961)
4. Harold Robbins - Where Love Has Gone (1962)
5. Truman Capote - In Cold Blood (1966)
6. Jacqueline Susann - Valley of the Dolls (1966)
7. Mario Puzo - The Godfather (1969)

     
     Harold Robbins was an American author of popular novels. One of the best-selling writers of all time, he wrote over 25 best-sellers, selling over 750 million copies in 32 languages.
       Robbins was born  in New York City. His parents were well-educated Jewish emigrants from the Russian Empire, his father from Odessa and his mother from Minsk.
      Robbins dropped out of high school in the late 1920s to work in a variety of jobs.He was employed by Universal Pictures starting off as a clerk and rising to an executive.

Harold Robbins - Where Love Has Gone

  Wars are the whetstones that man uses to sharpen his appetites.
  I looked at her and I knew I was gone.
  Some girls are bitches, some are ladies, and once to every man there is one who is both. I knew that as soon as I touched her hand.
  The dark-blue eyes were almost violet, hidden by long heavy lashes, and the thick black hair was pulled up and away from her forehead. Her creamy translucent skin, taut across the high cheekbones, and the slim, small-breasted, almost boyish, figure added up to all the wrong kinds of arithmetic. But it was just right for me.
  This was the deep end. Life and death. Over and out.
  Her mother wandered off somewhere and I was still holding her hand. Her voice was low and had that carefully cultivated affectation that is common to girls who go to the good Eastern schools. “What are you looking at, Major Carey?”
  I let go to her hand quickly. It was like losing touch with a peculiar kind of reality, like beating your head against a wall because it feels so good when you stop. “I’m sorry,” I said. “I didn’t mean to stare.”
  “How did you know where to find me?”
  “I didn’t. It was just a lucky accident.”
  “Are you always this lucky?”
  I shook my head. “Not always.”
  I saw her eyes move across the ribbons on my blouse. I knew what she saw. Besides the Purple Heart and Cluster, there was enough color there to brighten up a small Christmas tree.
  “At least you’re alive.”
  I nodded. “I guess I have no complaints. I’ve made it this far.”
  “You don’t believe you’ll make it all the way?”
  It was more a statement than a question. I laughed. This girl wasn’t one to waste time, she zeroed right in. (?)
  “I’ve been lucky twice,” I said. “There’s no three times lucky.”
  “Are you afraid of dying?”
  “All the time.”
  She glanced at the ribbons again. “I’m sure they wouldn’t send you back if you told them.”
  “I guess not,” I said. “But I wouldn’t.”
  “Why not?”
  “I guess I’m more afraid of chickening out than I am of dying.”
  “That can’t be the only reason.”
  I was beginning to feel uncomfortable. She never stopped pressing. “Maybe it isn’t,” I admitted. “Maybe it’s because death is like a woman you’ve been chasing for a long time. You want to find out if it’s as bad or as good as you thought it would be.”

  “Is that all you think about?” she asked. “Death?”
  “For almost two years now I haven’t had much time to think about anything else.” I glanced toward the statue I had noticed as I came in, The Dying Man. I felt her eyes follow mine. “I’m like the man in that statue over there. For every moment that I live.”
  I saw her study the statue for a moment, then she took my hand again. I felt her shiver.
  “I didn’t mean it to sound so bloody awful.”
  “Don’t apologize,” she said quickly. Her eyes were dark now, almost purple-black, like the heavy wine grapes in the vineyards near Sacramento. “I know exactly what you mean.”
  “I believe you do.” I smiled and then looked away. I had to.
  “You know,” I said, “when I first heard about this shindig, I thought it was going to be pretty dull. Another society girl playing at the arts.” I felt it was safe to turn back to her now. “But I’ve got a hunch you’re pretty good.”
  “She’s better than that, Luke.” The familiar voice came from behind me. “She’s very good.”
  I spun around. It had been more than three years since I’d heard that voice. “Professor Bell!”
  He sounded excited and pleased as he shook my hand. “Luke was one of my boys just few years back,” he said to Nora. “He majored in architecture.”
  “Building.” I grinned, reviving the old argument between us. “Architecture is something for pigeons to sit on, building is for people.”
  “The same old Luke.” He looked into my face and I saw the shock in his eyes. I had seen that look before in the eyes of old friends. The tiny crisscrossed shrapnel scars in my coppery leathered skin somehow didn’t belong on the pink-cheeked boy who had gone away to war.
  “Not quite the same, Professor,” I said, trying to make it easier for him. “It’s been a long war.”
  And all the while we stood there talking I felt her hand growing warmer and warmer in mine.

* * *

  Dinner was served in the big dining room looking out over the hill toward the bay. Everyone else had gone. There were just the three of us—Nora, her mother and I. I looked towards the head of the table where the old lady sat. She seemed so right sitting there. Everything belonged. The rich oak paneling, the large roundtable, the candles glowing in the gleaming silver candelabra. She sat straight and tall, and there was something about her that reminded me of a shining blade of steel.
  She was strong and sure of her strength in her calm, quiet way. You were aware of the wisdom that was in her, though there was never any need for her to assert it. From what my father had told me, a lot of people had been surprised when they’d had to deal with this quiet young widow who had inherited two large fortunes.
  “My late husband often spoke of your father.” She smiled across the table at me. “They were such good friends. It seems strange that we should never have met.”
  I nodded silently. It wasn’t so strange to me. Until Dad retired last year, he had been the postmaster in the small Southern California town where I was born. He no more belonged in Gerald Hayden’s world than Hayden belonged in his. All they shared was the memory of having been in the same platoon in the First World War.
  “Your father saved my husband’s life during the first war, you know.”
  “I heard the same story. But it was the other way around when my father told it.”
  She picked up a small silver bell from the table in front of her. It tinkled gently. “Shall we have coffee in the solarium?”
  I looked over at Nora. She glanced down at her wristwatch. “You and Major Carey go ahead, Mother,” she said. “I have an eight o’clock appointment downtown.”
  A hint of a frown crossed Mrs. Hayden’s face and disappeared. “Do you have to, dear?”
  Nora didn’t look at her mother. “I promised Sam Corwin I would go over his plans for a show on modern sculpture.”
  Mrs. Hayden glanced at me, then at Nora. Her tone implied only the mildest but I had the feeling that she was choosing her words carefully. Whether it was because I was there or not I didn’t know. “I thought you were beyond that sort of thing,” she said. “It’s been such a long time since you’ve seen Mr. Corwin.”
  “I have to, Mother. After all, it was Sam who was responsible for bringing Professor Bell to my show.”
  I turned to the old lady. “Please don’t be upset on my account, Mrs. Hayden,” I said quickly. “I’m due back at the Presidio at eight thirty myself. I can drop your daughter off, if you’d like.”
  “I don’t want to be any trouble,” Nora said.
  “It won’t be. I’m using an Army car, so I don’t have to worry about gas rations.”
  “All right,” she said. “Just give me a few minutes to change.”
  We watched her leave, and when she was gone I turned to her mother. “You have a very talented daughter, Mrs. Hayden. You should be very proud.”
  “I am,” she answered. Then a curious expression came into her bright blue eyes. “But I must confess, I don’t always quite understand her. At times, I feel completely bewildered. She’s so different from the young girls of my time. But then Nora is an only child and I had her late in life.”
  “It’s the war. We’re all very different.”
  “Nonsense. I hear that all the time,” she said sharply. “It’s poppycock. Your generation isn’t the only one that fought a war. Mine did. And so did the young people of my parents’ generation.”
  I could have argued about that but I didn’t. “Your daughter is very talented,” I said again. “Professor Bell often told me that talent isn’t always the easiest thing in the world to understand, or to live with.”
  Her eyes brightened in amusement. “You’re a nice young man. I hope you’ll come to see us again. I have a feeling that you’ll be very good for us.”
  “I hope so. But I’m going back overseas. Perhaps we’ll make it when the war is over.”
  She looked directly into my eyes. “It may be too late then.”
  I guess the astonishment showed in my face, because she grew even more amused. I reached for a cigarette.
  “I’ve heard you were a very promising young architect before you went into the service, Major Carey.”
  “Apparently you don’t miss very much, Mrs. Hayden.”
  “I try not to, Major Carey. It’s very important for a helpless widow to keep her eyes open.”
  I started to . Helpless widow indeed! Then I saw her smile again and I knew she was having me on. “What else did you find out about me, Mrs. Hayden?”
  “Before the war you applied for a position with Hayden and Carruthers. They were quite impressed with you.”
  “The Army was more impressed.”
  “I know that, Major Carey,” she said. “I also know your war record—”
  I held up my hand. “Spare me that, Mrs. Hayden. What are you getting at?’
  She looked directly at me. “I like you, Major Carey,” she said. “Under the right circumstances there could be a vice-presidency for you at Hayden and Carruthers.”
  I stared at her. That would be starting at the top. Pretty good for a guy who never held a job after graduation. Hayden and Carruthers was one of the leading architectural concerns on the West Coast.
  “How do you know that, Mrs. Hayden?”
  “I know,” she said quietly. “I own the controlling interest in the firm.”
  “And what would you consider ‘the right circumstances’?”
  She glanced at the doorway and then back at me. Her eyes were bright and steady. “I think you already know the answer.”
 Just then Nora came back into the room. “I hope I didn’t keep you waiting too long.”
  “Not at all,” I said.
  “The Major and I were having a most interesting little chat, Nora.”
  I caught the quickly curious glance Nora threw at her mother. I looked down at the old lady. “Many thanks for the dinner, Mrs. Hayden,” I said formally.
  “You’re quite welcome, Major. You just think about what I said.”
  “I will, ma’am. And thank you again.”
  “Goodbye, Major.”
  “Night, Mother,” Nora said.
  Her mother’s voice caught us at the door. “Don’t stay out too late, dear.”

* * *

  I caught the fragrance of Nora’s perfume as she settled back in the seat. It bugged me. It wasn’t the kind of perfume one wore to a business meeting.
  “Where to?” I asked.
  “Lower Lombard Street. I’m not taking you out of your way, am I?”
  “Not at all.”
  She moved closer and I felt her hand on my arm. “Did Mother talk about me?”
  “No.” I wasn’t exactly lying. Or for that matter, telling the truth. “Why?”
  “No reason,” she said casually.
  We drove silent for a few blocks.
  “You’re not really due back at the Presidio by eight thirty, are you?”
  “No,” I said. “What about you? Can you get out of your date?”
  She shook her head. “Not now. It’s too late.” She hesitated. “It wouldn’t be fair. You understand, don’t you?”
  “I read you loud and clear.”
  She looked at me. “It’s nothing like that,” she said quickly.
  “I didn’t say anything.”
  I stopped the car for a traffic light. Its red glow turned her skin to flame. “What are you going to do now?” she asked.
  “I don’t know. Go down to Chinatown … the one on maybe.” ???
  “That’s pure escape.”
  The light changed and I started the car again. “The purest,” I agreed. “But it’s still the best way I know to turn things off.” ???
  I felt her hand tighten on my arm. “Is it that terrible?”
  “Sometimes.”
  I could feel her fingernails through my jacket. “I wish I were a man!”
  “I’m glad you’re not.”
  She turned toward me. “Will you meet me later?”
  I felt the hardness of her small breasts against my sleeve. I knew then that I had been right. She was everything I’d thought and it was there for the taking, but something held me back.
  “I don’t think so,” I said.
  “Why?”
 “No reason.” I was annoyed with myself. “It doesn’t matter.”
 “It does to me. Tell me.”
  I sensed the angry harshness creeping into my voice. “I know at least a dozen places in this town where I could get seconds if that was all I was looking for.”
  She let go of my arm and moved away. I saw sudden tears forming in her eyes.
  “I’m sorry,” I said. “I’ve been away so long, I’m afraid I’ve forgotten how to act.”
  “You don’t have to apologize. I deserved it.” She looked out the window. “Turn here. It’s in the middle of the next block.”
  I pulled the car to the curb.
  “You have three more days of leave?”
  “That’s right,” I said
  “Will you call me?”
  “I don’t think so. I’m going down to La Jolla to get in some fishing.”
  “I could come down there.”
  “I don’t think that would be wise.”
  “Oh! You’ve got a girl there?”
  I laughed. “No girl.”
  “Then why—”
  “Because I’m going back to war,” I said harshly. “Because I don’t want any ties. I don’t want to have anything to think about but making the next day. I know too many guys who lost all their tomorrows looking behind them.”
  “You’re afraid.”
  “You’re damn right I am. I told you that before.”
  Her tears were for real now. They rolled slowly down her cheeks. I put my hand on her shoulder. “Look, this is silly,” I said gently. “Everything is screwed up right now. Maybe, someday, when the war is over. If I make it—”
  She interrupted me. “But you told me yourself that no one is three times lucky.”
  “That’s about the way it figures,” I admitted.
  “Then you really don’t believe you’ll call me. Ever.” There was a strange sadness in her voice.
  “I always seem to be apologizing to you. I’m sorry.”
  She stared at me for a moment, then got out of the car. “I don’t like goodbyes.”
  I didn’t have a chance to answer as she ran up the steps without looking back. I lit a cigarette and sat there watching as she rang the doorbell. After a moment a man came and let her in.
  When I got back to my hotel, around three in the morning, there was a message under my door.
  Please call me in the morning so that we may continue our discussion.
  It was signed Cecelia Hayden.
  I crumpled the note angrily and threw it into the wastebasket. I went down to La Jolla in the morning without bothering to call her.
  Within the week I was on my way back to Australia and the war. If I ever thought that the old lady was hung up waiting for me to call I would have only been kidding myself.
  There were some things she couldn’t wait for. The next day she called Sam Corwin.

CINEMA

 

1. Alfred Hitchcock The Birds (1962)
 2. Alfred Hitchcock Psycho (1960)
 3. Blake Edwards Breakfast at Tiffany's (1961)
 4. Joseph Leo Mankiewicz Cleopatra (1963)
 5. Jerome Robbins West Side Story (1961)
 6. Terence Young  James Bond films: Dr. No (1962),  Guy Hamilton - Goldfinger (1964),  Terence Young - Thunderball (1965)
 7. George Dewey Cukor My Fair Lady (1964)
 8. Franco Zeffirelli Romeo and Juliet (1968)

     Moviemaking remained in a slump at the start of the 1960s. Moviemakers struggled to come up with successful strategies to combat the rising popularity of television, which kept former movie viewers at home. One strategy was to make big-budget spectacles that TV producers simply could not make. Filmgoers loved such movies, but there were only so many that could be made each year.
     

      Sir Alfred Hitchcock was one of the most famous film directors of the 20th century. He directed more than 50 feature-length films from the 1920s into the 1970s (Known as the “Master of Suspense”).
     Alfred Joseph Hitchcock was born on August 13, 1899, in London. His parents were Emma Jane Hitchcock (neé Whelan), who was known to be stubborn, and William Hitchcock, a grocer, who was known to be stern. Alfred had two older siblings: a brother, William and a sister, Eileen.
     When Hitchcock was just five years old, his strict, Catholic father gave him quite a fright. Attempting to teach Hitchcock a valuable lesson, Hitchcock’s father sent him to the local police station with a note. Once the police officer on duty read the note, the officer locked young Hitchcock in a cell for several minutes. The effect was devastating (разрушительный). Although his father was trying to teach him a lesson about what happened to people who did bad things, the experience left Hitchcock shaken to the core. As a result, Hitchcock was forever fearful of the police.
     In 1939, Hitchcock moved his family to Hollywood.While the family loved the weather in Southern California, Hitchcock was not fond of it. He continued to wear his dark English suits no matter how hot the weather.
Fearing suspense in real life (Hitchcock didn’t even like driving a car), he did enjoy capturing suspense on screen in memorable scenes.
      In 1980, Queen Elizabeth II knighted Hitchcock. Three months later Sir Alfred Hitchcock died. His remains were cremated and scattered over the Pacific Ocean.

The Shower - Psycho (1960)
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0WtDmbr9xyY" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0WtDmbr9xyY</a>


Crows Attack the Students - Psycho (1960)
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hplpQt424Ls" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hplpQt424Ls</a>

      Joseph Leo Mankiewicz was an American film director, screenwriter, and producer. Не had a long Hollywood career, and won both the Academy Award for Best Director and the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay.
      Mankiewicz first worked for the movies as a translator. He became a dialoguist, then a screenwriter on numerous Paramount productions in Hollywood. Still in his 20s, he produced first-class MGM films. He directed 20 films in a 26-year period, successfully attempted every kind of movie from Shakespeare adaptation to western.
      In 1961, 20th Century Fox was producing Cleopatra starring Elizabeth Taylor and hired Mankiewicz to replace director Reuben Mamoulian.
     Cleopatra is a spectacular love story. Queen Cleopatra of Egypt experiences both triumph and tragedy as she attempts to resist the imperial ambitions of Rome. The film is absolutely beautiful, with some of the most gorgeous sets and images ever. The three main actors are just incredible - Rex Harrison, Richard Burton and Elizabeth Taylor anchor the entire film...
     Cleopatra is a character who could be deeply unlikable as she does whatever is necessary to further her agenda, but Taylor always manages to keep your sympathies. And it's easy to forget now just how hot she was back in the day.
     For the past 60 years, the film has remained the gold standard of Hollywood excess. The 1963 epic nearly sank Twentieth Century Fox. It took two-and-a-half years to shoot. It burned through two directors. Its budget rocketed from $2 million to a then-unthinkable $44 million. And, most famously, it left the marriages of its two stars — Richard Burton and Elizabeth Taylor — in ashes.
     When filming on Cleopatra began, Taylor was 29 and already on husband number four, Eddie Fisher. Fisher had left his wife, Debbie Reynolds, for the violet-eyed seductress. That may seem like a dramatic description, but Taylor was regarded by many at the time in dramatic terms — as a “homewrecker.” In other words, she was a risky proposition to carry a big-budget Hollywood film like Cleopatra. Another risk in hiring the million-dollar leading lady was her reputation for illness on the sets of her films. During the first part of shooting, in London, Taylor fell ill from “Malta Fever,” bringing production to a grinding halt. Later, in February 1961, Taylor came down with double pneumonia. She was sleeping in an oxygen tent in a London clinic when she slipped into a coma. Some newspapers actually reported that Taylor had died.

Cleopatra (1963) Elizabeth Taylor Entrance into Rome Scene
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vB5Wv8IHVf0" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vB5Wv8IHVf0</a>

Ceasar's First Meet with Cleopatra (they carried her in a carpet)
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3n3eB3TOZKo" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3n3eB3TOZKo</a>

       Ian Fleming is a suspense-fiction novelist whose character James Bond, the stylish, high-living British secret service agent 007, became one of the most successful and widely imitated heroes of 20th-century popular fiction.
       The son of a Conservative MP and the grandson of a Scottish banker, Fleming was born into a family of wealth and privilege. He was educated in England, Germany, and Switzerland, and he was a journalist in Moscow, a banker and a high-ranking officer in British naval intelligence during World War II, and foreign manager of the London Sunday Times (1945–49) before he became a full-time writer. After World War II he spent his winters in Jamaica, where he did much of his writing.
      Casino Royale was the first of his 12 James Bond novels. Packed with violent action, hairbreadth escapes, clever spy gadgets, intrigue, and gorgeous women, the books became international best sellers. The Bond books gained wide popularity in the United States after the newly elected president, John F. Kennedy, named a Bond novel on his list of favourite books in 1961.
      Bond became the prototype of the handsome, clever playboy-hero of the late 1950s and ’60s. Bond’s mannerisms from the way he liked his martinis (“shaken, not stirred”) to the way he introduced himself (“Bond, James Bond”) soon became famous around the world. All the Bond novels were made into popular motion pictures, although many deviated from Fleming’s original plots.

“Bond, James Bond.” 007 (Sean Connery) delivers the iconic line for the first time to Sylvia Trench (Eunice Gayson) in DR. NO (1962)
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b15-P12gIf0" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b15-P12gIf0</a>

On the Way to a Funeral
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0u0SEECyGlM" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0u0SEECyGlM</a>

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                                                       Who Was Valentina Tereshkova?
      As a young woman, Valentina Tereshkova worked in a textile mill and parachuted as a hobby. She was chosen to be trained as a cosmonaut in the USSR’s space program. On June 13, 1963, she became the first woman to travel into space. In just under three days, she orbited the earth 48 times. After her space flight, she served in the Communist Party and represented the USSR at numerous international events.

     After Yuri Gagarin became the first man in space in 1961, Tereshkova volunteered for the Soviet space program. Although she did not have any experience as a pilot, she was accepted into the program because of her 126 parachute jumps. At the time, cosmonauts had to parachute from their capsules seconds before they hit the ground on returning to Earth.

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     Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova is known for being the first and youngest woman in space. On June 16, 1963, aboard Vostok 6, Soviet Cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova becomes the first woman to travel into space. After 48 orbits and 71 hours, she returned to earth, having spent more time in space than all U.S. astronauts combined to that date.
     Valentina Vladimirovna was born to a peasant family in Maslennikovo, Russia, in 1937. She began work at a textile factory when she was 18, and at age 22 she made her first parachute jump. Her enthusiasm for skydiving brought her to the attention of the Soviet space program, which sought to put a woman in space in the early 1960s as a means of achieving another “space first” before the United States. As an accomplished parachutist, Tereshkova was well equipped to handle one of the most challenging procedures of a Vostok space flight: the mandatory ejection from the capsule at about 20,000 feet during reentry. In February 1962, she was selected along with three other woman parachutists and a female pilot to begin intensive training to become a cosmonaut.
      On June 19, 1963, after just under three days in space, Vostok 6 reentered the atmosphere, and Tereshkova successfully parachuted to earth after ejecting at 20,000 feet.
     After her historic space flight, Valentina Tereshkova received the Order of Lenin and Hero of the Soviet Union awards.
ccылка на презентацию (источник инфоурок) В.В. Терешкова

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Перенесено в Chapter II PART 3 CINEMA

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 перенесено в Chapter III)

[InkJoy]

     

E.T. The Extra Terrestrial (1982)

     After a gentle alien becomes stranded on Earth, the being is discovered and befriended by a young boy named Elliott (Henry Thomas). Bringing the extraterrestrial into his suburban California house, Elliott introduces E.T., as the alien is dubbed, to his brother and his little sister, Gertie (Drew Barrymore), and the children decide to keep its existence a secret. Soon, however, E.T. falls ill, resulting in government intervention and a dire situation for both Elliott and the alien.

    FILM DESCRIPTION:
     Both a classic movie for kids and a remarkable portrait of childhood, E.T. is a sci-fi adventure that captures that strange moment in youth when the world is a place of mysterious possibilities (some wonderful, some awful), and the universe seems somehow separate from the one inhabited by grown-ups. Henry Thomas plays Elliott, a young boy living with his single mother (Dee Wallace), his older brother Michael (Robert MacNaughton), and his younger sister Gertie (Drew Barrymore). Elliott often seems lonely and out of sorts, lost in his own world. One day, while looking for something in the back yard, he senses something mysterious in the woods watching him. And he's right: an alien spacecraft on a scientific mission mistakenly left behind an aging botanist who isn't sure how to get home. Eventually Elliott puts his fears aside and makes contact with the "little squashy guy," perhaps the least threatening alien invader ever to hit a movie screen. As Elliott tries to keep the alien under wraps and help him figure out a way to get home, he discovers that the creature can communicate with him telepathically. Soon they begin to learn from each other, and Elliott becomes braver and less threatened by life. E.T. rigs up a communication device from junk he finds around the house, but no one knows if he'll be rescued before a group of government scientists gets hold of him. In 2002, Steven Spielberg re-released E.T. The Extra-Terrestrial in a revised edition, with several deleted scenes restored and digitally refurbished special effects.

ET The Extra Terrestrial (1982) Trailer
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qYAETtIIClk" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qYAETtIIClk</a>

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     "Grease" is one of those films that we can watch over and over. The singing and dancing performance of Travolta is perfect. John Travolta is an important movie star whose presence can redeem "Grease.'' This is not one of his great films but it has charm. One of the best things about this film is the music. There are also plenty of humor, fine dancing, and numerous references to fifties culture.
     The story involves a greaser named Danny who has a sweet summertime romance with Sandy, an Australian girl. When summer ends, they part forever, they think, only to find themselves at the same school, where Danny's tough-guy image makes it hard for him to acknowledge the squeaky-clean (кристально чистая) Sandy.
     The movie's worth seeing for a look at vintage Travolta. Good old fashioned comedy and toe-tapping tunes that will have you dancing and singing along.

Grease (1978)
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ATLBBujXdjg" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ATLBBujXdjg</a>

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     Joanna hires country carpenter Dean to build a closet on her yacht. When they don't see eye-to-eye, he is left unpaid while she sets sail. The following day, she is fished out of the sea after falling overboard, suffering from amnesia. When she gets amnesia, he decides to introduce her to working-class life by convincing her they're husband and wife. Dean sees a neat way to regain the money she owes him - he tells her that she's his wife; that way he gets a free housekeeper and mother for his four sons.
Overboard has become a cult film and has been remade several times...

[Mari]

9 занятий- литература
8 занятий кинематограф

История идёт во всех занятиях


1960s movies

 1. The Birds (1962) - Альфред Хичкок
 2. Psycho (1960) - Альфред Хичкок
 3. Breakfast at Tiffany's (1961) - Блейк Эдвардс
 4. Cleopatra (1963) - Джозеф Лео Манкевич
 5. West Side Story (1961) - Роберт Уайз ("Звуки музыки")
 6. James Bond films: Dr. No (1962), Goldfinger (1964) - Гай Хэмилтон, Thunderball (1965) - Теренс Янг
 7. My Fair Lady (1964) - Джордж Кьюкор ("Синяя птица")
 8. Romeo and Juliet (1968)- Франко Дзеффирелли


1970s
1. The Godfather (1972) - Гай Хэмилтон
2. Grease (1978) - Рэндал Клайзер ("Голубая лагуна") Бриолин
3. Superman (1978) - Ричард Доннер

1980s
 1. Indiana Jones (1981) + Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989) - Стивен Спилберг
 2. Twins (1988) - Айван Райтман
 3. E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982) - Стивен Спилберг
 4. Overboard (1987) - Гарри Маршалл
 7. Romancing the Stone (1984) - Роберт Земекис
 8. First Blood (1982) - Тед Котчефф

Actors: Audrey Hepburn, Harrison Ford, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Michael Kirk Douglas, Daniel (Danny) DeVito, Bette Davis, Thomas Sean Connery, Sylvester Stallone, Alfredo (Al) Pacino, Marlon Brando, Robert De Niro

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Cleopatra (1963) Elizabeth Taylor Entrance into Rome Scene
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vB5Wv8IHVf0" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vB5Wv8IHVf0</a>

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      Cinema in the 1960s reflected the decade of fun, fashion, rock 'n' roll. This was a decade of changes, tragedies, cultural events, assassinations and deaths, and advancements…



“Bond, James Bond.” 007 (Sean Connery) delivers the iconic line for the first time to Sylvia Trench (Eunice Gayson) in DR. NO (1962)
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b15-P12gIf0" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b15-P12gIf0</a>
     Superman is the first great comic-book movie. The first time we see Superman in his red, blue and yellow uniform is nearly an hour into "Superman." The film doesn't open like most superhero movies or James Bonds with a sensational pre-title sequence.  It opens on the planet Krypton with his father Jor-El preparing him to be launched into space. But those aren't action scenes; they provide weight to the origin story every superhero requires.


Superman vs Train | Superman (1978)
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rpkC4dTuPFY" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rpkC4dTuPFY</a>