4 класс
+UNIT 7
Great People I. Vocabulary and Speech
Text
Peter the Great
Peter I, or Peter the Great, is a very
important person in
Russian history. Peter I
created the Russian Empire, so
he was the last tsar of all Russia and the first emperor of Russia. The son of tsar, the brother of tsar and the godson of tsar, Peter
was proclaimed the head of the country and at that moment the boy was only ten years old. At the beginning he had a formal coordinator, Ivan V, but
at the age of 17 he already
ruled independently, and in 1721 Peter I became the emperor.
For Russia, the reign of Peter the Great was the time of many reforms and changes. He
expanded the territory of the country,
built a beautiful city St. Petersburg,
raised the economy, founded many factories and reduced the import of foreign goods to a minimum. He was the first Russian
ruler who
adopted the best (and sometimes the worst) ideas from Western countries.
He
was very
good at finding talented collaborators. They were from the nobility and lower levels of society.
Active Vocabulary
1. An important person важная особа
2. Russian history русская история
3. He created the Russian Empire он создал русскую империю
4. Emperor император
5. At the age of 17 в возрасте 17 лет
6. To rule править
ruler правитель
7. To expand the territory расширить территорию
8. To build, built, built строить
9. To raise the economy поднять экономику
10. To adopt ideas принимать идеи
II. Grammar. Pronunciation
Making Questions
Drill
Ex I.
Who? Model:
- Peter the Great was a very important person in Russian history. Who?
- Who was a very important person in Russian history?
1. Peter the First created the Russian Empire.
2. Peter the Great was the son of tsar.
3. Peter the First was proclaimed the head of the country when he was only ten years old.
4. Peter the Great expanded the territory of the country.
5. Peter the First raised the economy of the country.
Ex II.
Did he? Model:
- Did Peter the Great create the Russian Empire?
- Oh, yes! He did. Peter the Great created the Russian Empire.
1. Did Peter the Great expand the territory of the country?
2. Did Peter the First build a beautiful city St.Petersburg?
3. Did Peter the Great raise the economy of the country?
4. Did he found many factories?
5. Did Peter the First reduce the import of foreign goods?
Ex III.
Was he? Model:
- Was Peter the Great an important person?
- Oh, yes! He was. Peter the Great was an important person.
1. Was Peter the First the head of the country?
2. Was Peter the Great the first emperor of Russia?
3. Was Peter the First the ruler?
4. Was Peter the Great the first ruler who adopted ideas from Western countries?
5. Was Peter the First very good at finding talented collaborators?
Ex IV.
What did he? Model:
- What did Peter the Great create?
- Peter the Great created the Russian Empire.
1. What did Peter the Great build?
2. What did Peter the Great expand?
3. What did Peter the Great found?
4. What did Peter the Great adopt?
5. What did Peter the Great reduce?
Further Exercises
Ex V. Make questions using the question words in parenthesis
Peter I, or Peter the Great (
who), is a very important person in Russian history. Peter I created
(did he) the Russian Empire, so he was the last tsar of all Russia and the first emperor of Russia.
Peter the First expanded (
did he) the territory (
what) of the country, built a beautiful city St.
Petersburg, raised (
did he) the economy, founded (
did he) many factories and reduced (
did he) the
import of foreign goods to a minimum. He was (
was he) the first Russian ruler who adopted the best (and
sometimes the worst) ideas from Western countries.
He was (
was he)very good at finding talented collaborators. They were from the nobility and lower levels of
society.
Ex VI. Answer the questions to the text
Peter the Great (part I, page )
1. Was Peter the Great the first emperor of Russia?
2. Did Peter the Great create the Russian Empire?
3. Did Peter the Great expand the territory of the country?
4. Was the reign of Peter the Great the time of many reforms and changes?
5. Was he very good at finding talented collaborators?
Ex VII. Ask as many questions to the following sentences as you can
1. Peter the Great was a very important person in Russian history.
2. Peter the Great was proclaimed the head of the country when he was only ten years old.
3. In 1721 Peter the Great became the emperor.
4. The reign of Peter the Great was the time of many reforms and changes.
5. He was very good at finding talented collaborators.
Pronunciation
The main text should be worked on as many times as it is necessary for obtaining the best results possible.
A warming up exercise. Listen to the text and read it together with the speaker (as many times as you
need to do it at the speed of the speaker). Mind your pronunciation
III. Reading. Writing. Free Speech
1.The Beginning of Peter's Life and Education
The beginning of Peter’s life was very, very unlucky. When he was just 4 (Peter 1 was born on 30 May 1672), his father Tsar Alexei died, and 6 years later the Streltsy put his enemies — the Miloslavskiy family — in power. The only people who could educate Peter were the clergy and court teachers. In late 17th century in Russia there were no schools or universities (something Peter himself would fix decades later). Court educators were not an option for two reasons. First, Peter’s sister, regent Sophia, hated him and had no interest in giving him good education. Second, Peter’s mother Natalia feared that the court educators were Sophia’s spies and did not let them anywhere close to Peter. In 1682, during the Streltsy rebellion, Peter and his mother Natalia moved away from the Kremlin to Preobrazhenskoye to save their lives.
2. The Toys Peter Liked
Peter did not receive the usual education of a Russian tsar. He grew without proper academic teaching. Until his death, Peter had poor grammar and a limited vocabulary. Moreover, contemporaries complained about Peter’s bad manners. No wonder, as he was educated away from court and proper etiquette. The boy enjoyed noisy outdoor games and took especial interest in military matters, his favourite toys were arms of one sort or another. The war games became the main theme of Peter’s childhood. According to contemporary sources, games took up all of his time. He also occupied himself with carpentry, joinery, blacksmith’s work, and printing. As a result, no one treated Peter seriously and most had very low expectations of him.
Near Preobrazhenskoye there was a nemetskaya sloboda (“German colony”) where foreigners lived, and Peter started to be interested in the life of other nations.
Mathematics, fortification, and navigation were the subjects that Peter liked most of all. A model fortress was built for his games, and he organized his first “play” army, from which, in 1687, the Preobrazhensky and Semyonovsky Guards regiments were formed—to become the nucleus of a new Russian Army.
3. The Play Army
Peter’s ‘play army’ became one of the most famous chapters in his biography. The army consisted of several hundred men, it quickly grew — in fact, it grew so quickly that Peter had to build the ‘toy city’ of Presburg to accommodate them. Peter used the army for war games and studied the art of war. Why did Peter love his toy army so much? Some historians say that the young Tsar was building a personal bodyguard. Other historians say that Peter was just having fun.
The two military divisions of the Play Army grew into Preobrazhenskiy and Semyonovsky and became the foundation of the Imperial Guard. They survived until the fall of the Empire 200 years later. The two divisions were the elite and important force of the Empire, and supported Peter and later emperors. After Peter seized the throne from Sophia, it did not take long for the Play Army to suppress the second Streltsy Rebellion in 1698 - just one hour.
4. The Beginning of the Fleet
In July 1688 Peter visited Pereslavl-Zalessky to find a place to build a small flotilla on Pleshcheyevo Lake. Work soon began, but was interrupted in the summer of 1689 when Peter had to return to Moscow because of the court's intrigues.
Following his consolidation of power in the fall of 1691, Peter left state governance to his mother and returned to the construction of the Pleshcheyevo flotilla. Work was also completed on a complex of buildings at Gremiach Hill (site of the Veskovo estate) that included Peter’s log residence, the “poteshny dvorets.”
In 1693 Peter decided to move to the open sea, to the White Sea, the port of Arkhangelsk. However the Pleshcheyevo period remained in Peter’s mind as an essential part of his legacy.
5. Personality and Achievement
Peter was of enormous height, more than six and one-half feet (two metres) tall; he was handsome and of unusual physical strength. Unlike all earlier Russian tsars, he was very simple in his manners: for example, he enjoyed conversation over a mug of beer with sailors from the foreign ships visiting St. Petersburg.
Restless, energetic, and impulsive, he did not like splendid clothes; often he appeared in old shoes and an old hat, more often in military or naval uniform.
He was fond of merrymaking and knew how to conduct it, though his jokes were often crude, and he sometimes drank heavily and made his guests do so too.
A just man who did not tolerate dishonesty, he was terrible in his anger and could be cruel when he encountered opposition: in such moments only his intimates could soothe him—best of all his beloved second wife, Catherine, whom people frequently asked to intercede with him for them. Sometimes Peter would beat his high officials with his stick, from which even Prince A.D. Menshikov, his closest friend, received many a stroke.
One of Peter’s great gifts of statesmanship was the ability to pick talented collaborators for the highest appointments, whether from the foremost families of the nobility or from far lower levels of society.
Exercises
Reading1. Read the text (silently, aloud, in chain, in parts, other variants)
2. Translate the text
3. Ask questions to the text
4. Give the gist of the text
5. Reproduce the text. Learn the text by heart
Writing1. Copy the text (some parts of it, the whole of it)
2..Write questions to the text
3. Write the reproduction of the text
4. Write the dictation
5. Write the plan of the text
Free speech1. Get ready for a 1-minute monologue based on one of the texts
2. Talk on the topics (could be prepared):
- a few facts of Peter the Great's biography;
- Peter's childhood and education;
- Peter's "play" army;
- Peter's fleet;
- Peter's personality.
3. Discussion on the topic "Peter the Great's Education" (could be unprepared):
- was his education academic?
- the games Peter played;
- did he learn any manners?
- what were his favourite subjects?
- his "play" army;
- the beginning of the Russian fleet;
- other questions.
IV. Distance Learning. Audio and Visual Aids
Дистанционная программа Школы-ВУЗа "Современнон образование" называется ППС - педагогика, психология,
спорт. Разрабатывается с 16 марта 2020 года, со дня перехода на дистанционное обучение. Суть - проводить видео уроки, максимально приближенные к реальной жизни, а также обеспечить психологическую поддержку ученику.
Педагогика делит образовательный процесс человека на форму и содержание. Часть "содержание" образовательного процесса в Школе-ВУЗе "Современное образование", а также его связь с формой обучения, иначе - технологиями,описаны в нашей концепции (см."Наша концепция" и ОСНОВЫ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОГО ПРОЦЕССА. КЛАССИКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ на сайте).
Дистанционное обучение отличается от "обычного, реального" - по форме, формату. Здесь и следует искать пути решения обучения человека в дистанционном, отлайн режиме.
Занятие в начальной школе (40') делим на две части - 25+ 15. Первая часть - "общее занятие", в котором участвует весь класс, вторая часть - конкретный индивидуальный подход: учитель работает с каждым учеником в индивидуальном режиме. Содержательная часть обучения (тексты, упражнения) изложена в частях I, II, III данного пособия. Дистанционный формат требует от учителя умения работать на компьютере, а также умения переосмысления материала в сторону организации занятия в индивидуальном режиме.
В этом большую роль сыграют
Audio and Visual Aids